Научно-практический журнал
«Клиническая физиология кровообращения»

Главный редактор

Лео Антонович Бокерия, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН и РАМН, президент ФГБУ «НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева» МЗ РФ


Актуальное состояние клинической и инструментальной диагностики церебрального венозного тромбоза и венозного инсульта

Авторы: Семенов С.Е., Шатохина М.Г., Ворошилов С.А.

Раздел: Обзоры

Библиографическая ссылка: Клиническая физиология кровообращения. 2024; 21 (3): 210-227

Цитировать как: Семенов С.Е., Шатохина М.Г., Ворошилов С.А. . Актуальное состояние клинической и инструментальной диагностики церебрального венозного тромбоза и венозного инсульта. Клиническая физиология кровообращения. 2024; 21 (3): 210-227. DOI:

Скачать (Download)


Литература

  1. Saposnik G., Barinagarrementeria F., Brown R.D., Jr, Bushnell C.D., Cucchiara B., Cushman M. et al. American Heart Association stroke council and the council on epidemiology and prevention. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011; 42 (4): 1158–1192. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364
  2. Devasagayam S., Wyatt B., Leyden J., Kleinig T. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis incidence is higher than previously thought: a retrospective population-based study. Stroke. 2016; 47 (9): 2180–2182. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013617
  3. Barboza M.A., Chiquete E., Arauz A., Merlos-Benitez M., Quiroz-Compeán A., Barinagarrementería F. et al. A рractical score for prediction of outcome after cereb-ral venous thrombosis. Front. Neurol. 2018; 9: 882. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00882
  4. Ranjan R., Ken-Dror G., Sharma P. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a comprehensive review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102 (48): e36366. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036366
  5. ICD-10 Version: 2019. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I60-I69 (дата обращения 18.07.2024 / accessed July 18, 2024).
  6. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 2024-01. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en# 1655658429 (дата обращения 18.07.2024 / accessed July 18, 2024).
  7. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018; 38 (1) 1–211. DOI: 10.1177/0333102417738202
  8. Saposnik G., Bushnell C., Coutinho J.M., Field T.S., Furie K.L., Galadanci N. et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2024; 55 (3): e77–90. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000456
  9. Wang Z., Dandu C., Guo Y., Gao M., Lan D., Pan L. et al. A novel score to estimate thrombus burden and predict intracranial hypertension in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. J. Headache Pain. 2023; 24 (1): 29. DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01562-9
  10. Ulivi L., Squitieri M., Cohen H., Cowley P., Werring D.J. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a practical guide. Pract. Neurol. 2020; 20 (5): 356–367. DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002415
  11. Duman T., Yayla V., Uludüz D., Özaydın Göksu E., Yürekli V.A., Genç H. et al. Assessment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic transformation in the VENOST study. Eur. Neurol. 2020; 83 (6): 615–621. DOI: 10.1159/000510627
  12. Ay H., Benner T., Arsava E.M., Furie K.L., Singhal A.B., Jensen M.B. et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the Causative Classification of Stroke System. Stroke. 2007; 38 (11): 2979–2984. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490896
  13. Семенов С.Е. Лучевая диагностика венозного ишемического инсульта. Санкт-Петербург: Фолиант; 2018.
  14. Idiculla P.S., Gurala D., Palanisamy M., Vijayakumar R., Dhandapani S., Nagarajan E. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a comprehensive review. Eur. Neurol. 2020; 83 (4): 369–379. DOI: 10.1159/000509802
  15. Ferro J.M., de Sousa D.A., Coutinho J.M., Martinelli I. European stroke organization interim expert opinion on cerebral venous thrombosis occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Eur. Stroke J. 2021; 6 (3): CXVI–CXXI. DOI: 10.1177/23969873211030842
  16. Холоденко М.И. Расстройства венозного кровообращения в мозгу. Москва: Медгиз; 1963.
  17. Schilling L., Wahl M. Brain edema: pathogenesis and therapy. Kidney Int. Suppl. 1997; 59: S69–75. PMID: 9185109
  18. Задворнов А.А., Голомидов А.В., Григорьев Е.В. Клиническая патофизиология отека головного мозга (часть 2). Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2017; 14 (4): 52–60. DOI: 10.21292/2078-5658-2017-14-4-52-60
  19. Mehta A., Danesh J., Kuruvilla D. Cerebral venous thrombosis headache. Curr. Pain. Headache. Rep. 2019; 23 (7): 47. DOI: 10.1007/ s11916-019-0786-9
  20. Ranjan R., Ken-Dror G., Martinelli I., Grandone E., Hiltunen S., Lindgren E. et al. Coma in adult cerebral venous thrombosis: the BEAST study. Eur. J. Neurol. 2024; 31 (8): e16311. DOI: 10.1111/ene.16311
  21. Dandy W.E. Intracranial pressure without brain tumor: diagnosis and treatment. Ann. Surg. 1937; 106 (4): 492–513.
  22. Friedman D.I., Liu G.T., Digre K.B. Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children. Neurology. 2013; 81: 13: 1159–1165. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17
  23. Schuchardt F.F., Lützen N., Küchlin S., Reich M., Lagrèze W.A., Mast H. et al. Clinical value of neuroimaging indicators of intracranial hypertension in pati-ents with cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiology. 2024; 66 (7): 1161–1176. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03363-6
  24. Ferro J.M., Bousser M.G., Canhão P., Coutinho J.M., Crassard I., Dentali F. et al. European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis – endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur. J. Neurol. 2017; 24 (10): 1203–1213. DOI: 10.1111/ene.13381
  25. Tsai F.Y., Kostanian V., Rivera M., Lee K.W., Chen C.C., Nguyen T.H. Cerebral venous congestion as indication for thrombolytic treatment. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2007; 30 (4): 675–687. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-007-9046-1
  26. Ferro J.M., Canhão P., Stam J., Bousser M.G., Barinagarrementeria F. ISCVT Investigators. prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke. 2004; 35 (3): 664–670. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26
  27. De Bruijn S.F., de Haan R.J., Stam J. Clinical features and prognostic factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a prospective series of 59 patients. For the cerebral venous sinus thrombosis study group. J. Neu-rol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2001; 70 (1): 105–108. DOI: 10.1136/ jnnp.70.1.105
  28. Girot M., Ferro J.M., Canhão P., Stam J., Bousser M.G., Barinagarrementeria F. et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007; 38 (2): 337–342. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000254579.16319.35
  29. Canhão P., Ferro J.M., Lindgren A.G., Bousser M.G., Stam J., Barinagarrementeria F. Causes and predictors of death in cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke. 2005; 36 (8): 1720–1725. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c
  30. Геморрагический инсульт: Клинические рекомендации. Ассоциация нейрохирургов России, Всероссийское общество неврологов, Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов России; 2022. https://ruans.org/Text/Guidelines/hemorrhagic-stroke-2022.pdf (дата об- ращения 14.06.2025).
  31. Ишемический инсульт и транзиторная ишемическая атака: Клинические рекомендации. Всероссийское общество неврологов, Ассоциация нейрохирургов России, МОО «Объединение нейроанестезиологов и нейрореаниматологов», Союз реабилитологов России; 2024. https://rehabrus.ru/Docs/2024/klinic-rec-ishem-2024.pdf (дата обращения 25.06.2025).
  32. Happonen T., Nyman M., Ylikotila P., Kytö V., Laukka D., Mattila K. et al. Imaging outcomes of emergency MRI in patients with suspected cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a retrospective cohort study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13 (12): 2052. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122052
  33. Ferro J.M., Canhão P. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management. Curr. Cardiol. 2014; 16 (9): 523. DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0523-2
  34. Abbasi B., Kahani N., Ghalibaf A.M., Layegh P., Niroumand S., Akhavan R. et al. Evaluating the diagnostic value of multi-detector brain CT angiography in diagnosing acute cerebral venous thrombosis. Sci. Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 18685. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21743-x
  35. Greenberg S.M., Ziai W.C., Cordonnier C., Dowlatshahi D., Francis B., Goldstein J.N. et al. Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022; 53 (7): e282–e361. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000407
  36. Sadik J.C., Jianu D.C., Sadik R., Purcell Y., Novaes N., Saragoussi E. et al. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis. Life (Basel). 2022; 12(8): 1215. DOI: 10.3390/life12081215
  37. Lv B., Jing F., Tian C.L., Liu J.C., Wang J., Cao X.Y. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis. J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc. 2021; 64 (3): 418–426. DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0247
  38. Ozturk K., Soylu E., Parlak M. Dural venous sinus thrombosis: The combination of noncontrast CT, MRI and PC-MR venography to enhance accuracy. Neuroradiol J. 2018; 31 (5): 473–481. DOI: 10.1177/1971400918781969
  39. Van Dam L.F., van Walderveen M.A.A., Kroft L.J.M., Kruyt N.D., Wermer M.J.H., van Osch M.J.P. et al. Current imaging modalities for diagnosing cerebral vein thrombosis – A critical review. Thromb. Res. 2020; 189: 132–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.011
  40. Tunlayadechanont P., Chobaroon A., Chansakul T. Contrast-enhanced 3D black-blood magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiol. J. 2024; 37 (6): 738–743. DOI: 10.1177/19714009241260798
  41. De Sio S., Mandolesi S., Niglio T., D’Alessandro A., D’Alessandro A., Vitarelli A. et al. Risk of jugular compression blocks in workers exposed to prolonged upright posture. Ann Ig. 2016; 28 (3): 227–232. DOI: 10.7416/ai.2016.2101
  42. Liu L., Xing Y., Chen Y., Ji X., Ge J., Wang L. Eyeneck integrated ultrasound in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Front. Neurol. 2021; 12: 696665. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696665
  43. Шумилина М.В. Ультразвуковые исследования при головных болях у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистой патологией: Учебно- методическое руководство. М.: НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева; 2022.
  44. Buonanno F.S., Moody D.M., Ball M.R., Laster D.W. Computed cranial tomographic findings in cerebral sinovenous occlusion. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1978; 2 (3): 281–290. DOI: 10.1097/00004728-197807000-00008
  45. Sadigh G., Mullins M.E., Saindane A.M. Diagnostic Performance of MRI sequences for evaluation of dural venous sinus thrombosis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2016; 206 (6): 1298–1306. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.15.15719
  46. Pezzini A., Grassi M., Iacoviello L., Del Zotto E., Archetti S., Giossi A. et al. Inherited thrombophilia and stratification of ischaemic stroke risk among users of oral contraceptives. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2007; 78 (3): 271–276. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.101675
  47. Carletti F., Vilela P., Jäger H.R. Imaging approach to venous sinus thrombosis. Radiol. Clin. North. Am. 2023; 61 (3): 501–519. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.01.011
  48. Khandelwal N., Agarwal A., Kochhar R., Bapuraj J.R., Singh P., Prabhakar S. et al. Comparison of CT venography with MR venography in cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006; 187: 1637–1643. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.05.1249
  49. Gaikwad A.B., Mudalgi B.A., Patankar K.B., Patil J.K., Ghondade D.V. Diagnostic role of 64-slice multidetector row CT scan and CT venogram in cases of cerebral venous thrombosis. Emerg. Radiol. 2008; 15: 325–333. DOI: 10.1007/s10140-008-0723-4
  50. Ford K., Sarwar M. Computed tomography of dural sinus thrombosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1981; 2 (6): 539–543. PMCID: PMC8335245
  51. Kawaguchi T., Kawano T., Kaneko Y., Ooasa T., Tsutsumi M., Ogasawara S. Classification of venous ischaemia with MRI. J. Clin Neurosci. 2001; 8 (1): 82–88. DOI: 10.1054/jocn.2001.0884
  52. Kauppinen R.A. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of acute experimental brain ischaemia. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2014; 80: 12–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.05.002
  53. Peeters E., Stadnik T., Bissay F., Schmedding E., Osteaux M. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of an acute venous stroke: case report. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22 (10): 1949–1952. PMCID: PMC7973828
  54. Lin Ning, Wong Andrew K., Lipinski Lindsay J., Mokin M., Siddiqui A.H. et al. Reversible changes in diffusion- and perfusion-based imaging in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Neurointerv. Surg. 2016; 8 (2): e6. DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011447.rep
  55. Durward Q.J., Del Maestro R.F., Amacher A.L., Farrar J.K. The influence of systemic arterial pressure and intracranial pressure on the development of cerebral vasogenic edema. J. Neurosurg. 1983; 59 (5): 803–809. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1983.59.5.0803
  56. Marsh E.B., Llinas R.H., Hillis A.E., Gottesman R.F. Hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke and an indication for anticoagulation. Eur. J. Neurol. 2013; 20 (6): 962–967. DOI: 10.1111/ene.12126
  57. Shams S., Martola J., Cavallin L. Granberg T., Shams M., Aspelin P. et al. SWI or T2*: which MRI sequence to use in the detection of cerebral microbleeds? The Karolinska imaging dementia study. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2015; 36 (6): 1089–1095. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4248
  58. Duman T., Uluduz D., Midi I., Bektas H., Kablan Y., Goksel B.K. et al. A multicenter study of 1144 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: the VENOST study. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2017; 26 (8): 1848–1857. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.020
  59. Afifi K., Bellanger G., Buyck P.J., Zuurbier S.M., Esperon C.G., Barboza M.A. et al. Features of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis. J. Neurol. 2020; 267 (11): 3292–3298. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10008-0
****
  1. Saposnik G., Barinagarrementeria F., Brown R.D., Jr, Bushnell C.D., Cucchiara B., Cushman M. et al. American Heart Association stroke council and the council on epidemiology and prevention. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011; 42 (4): 1158–1192. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364
  2. Devasagayam S., Wyatt B., Leyden J., Kleinig T. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis incidence is higher than previously thought: a retrospective population-based study. Stroke. 2016; 47 (9): 2180–2182. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013617
  3. Barboza M.A., Chiquete E., Arauz A., Merlos-Benitez M., Quiroz-Compeán A., Barinagarrementería F. et al. A рractical score for prediction of outcome after cereb-ral venous thrombosis. Front. Neurol. 2018; 9: 882. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00882
  4. Ranjan R., Ken-Dror G., Sharma P. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a comprehensive review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102 (48): e36366. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036366
  5. ICD-10 Version: 2019. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I60-I69 (дата обращения 18.07.2024 / accessed July 18, 2024).
  6. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 2024-01. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en# 1655658429 (дата обращения 18.07.2024 / accessed July 18, 2024).
  7. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018; 38 (1) 1–211. DOI: 10.1177/0333102417738202
  8. Saposnik G., Bushnell C., Coutinho J.M., Field T.S., Furie K.L., Galadanci N. et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2024; 55 (3): e77–90. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000456
  9. Wang Z., Dandu C., Guo Y., Gao M., Lan D., Pan L. et al. A novel score to estimate thrombus burden and predict intracranial hypertension in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. J. Headache Pain. 2023; 24 (1): 29. DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01562-9
  10. Ulivi L., Squitieri M., Cohen H., Cowley P., Werring D.J. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a practical guide. Pract. Neurol. 2020; 20 (5): 356–367. DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002415
  11. Duman T., Yayla V., Uludüz D., Özaydın Göksu E., Yürekli V.A., Genç H. et al. Assessment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic transformation in the VENOST study. Eur. Neurol. 2020; 83 (6): 615–621. DOI: 10.1159/000510627
  12. Ay H., Benner T., Arsava E.M., Furie K.L., Singhal A.B., Jensen M.B. et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the Causative Classification of Stroke System. Stroke. 2007; 38 (11): 2979–2984. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490896
  13. Semenov S.E. Radiologic diagnosis of venous ischemic stroke. Saint-Petersburg; 2018 (in Russ.).
  14. Idiculla P.S., Gurala D., Palanisamy M., Vijayakumar R., Dhandapani S., Nagarajan E. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a comprehensive review. Eur. Neurol. 2020; 83 (4): 369–379. DOI: 10.1159/000509802
  15. Ferro J.M., de Sousa D.A., Coutinho J.M., Martinelli I. European stroke organization interim expert opinion on cerebral venous thrombosis occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Eur. Stroke J. 2021; 6 (3): CXVI–CXXI. DOI: 10.1177/23969873211030842
  16. Kholodenko M.I. Disorders of venous circulation in the brain. Moscow; 1963 (in Russ.).
  17. Schilling L., Wahl M. Brain edema: pathogenesis and therapy. Kidney Int. Suppl. 1997; 59: S69–75. PMID: 9185109
  18. Zadvornov А.А., Golomidov А.V., Grigoriev E.V. Clinical pathophysiology of cerebral edema (part 2). Messenger of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2017; 14 (4): 52–60. DOI: 10.21292/2078-5658-2017-14-4-52-60 (in Russ.).
  19. Mehta A., Danesh J., Kuruvilla D. Cerebral venous thrombosis headache. Curr. Pain. Headache. Rep. 2019; 23 (7): 47. DOI: 10.1007/ s11916-019-0786-9
  20. Ranjan R., Ken-Dror G., Martinelli I., Grandone E., Hiltunen S., Lindgren E. et al. Coma in adult cerebral venous thrombosis: the BEAST study. Eur. J. Neurol. 2024; 31 (8): e16311. DOI: 10.1111/ene.16311
  21. Dandy W.E. Intracranial pressure without brain tumor: diagnosis and treatment. Ann. Surg. 1937; 106 (4): 492–513.
  22. Friedman D.I., Liu G.T., Digre K.B. Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children. Neurology. 2013; 81: 13: 1159–1165. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17
  23. Schuchardt F.F., Lützen N., Küchlin S., Reich M., Lagrèze W.A., Mast H. et al. Clinical value of neuroimaging indicators of intracranial hypertension in pati-ents with cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiology. 2024; 66 (7): 1161–1176. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03363-6
  24. Ferro J.M., Bousser M.G., Canhão P., Coutinho J.M., Crassard I., Dentali F. et al. European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis – endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur. J. Neurol. 2017; 24 (10): 1203–1213. DOI: 10.1111/ene.13381
  25. Tsai F.Y., Kostanian V., Rivera M., Lee K.W., Chen C.C., Nguyen T.H. Cerebral venous congestion as indication for thrombolytic treatment. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2007; 30 (4): 675–687. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-007-9046-1
  26. Ferro J.M., Canhão P., Stam J., Bousser M.G., Barinagarrementeria F. ISCVT Investigators. prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke. 2004; 35 (3): 664–670. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26
  27. De Bruijn S.F., de Haan R.J., Stam J. Clinical features and prognostic factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a prospective series of 59 patients. For the cerebral venous sinus thrombosis study group. J. Neu-rol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2001; 70 (1): 105–108. DOI: 10.1136/ jnnp.70.1.105
  28. Girot M., Ferro J.M., Canhão P., Stam J., Bousser M.G., Barinagarrementeria F. et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007; 38 (2): 337–342. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000254579.16319.35
  29. Canhão P., Ferro J.M., Lindgren A.G., Bousser M.G., Stam J., Barinagarrementeria F. Causes and predictors of death in cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke. 2005; 36 (8): 1720–1725. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c
  30. Hemorrhagic stroke: Clinical guidelines. 2022. https://ruans.org/Text/Guidelines/hemorrhagic-stroke-2022.pdf (accessed June 14, 2025) (in Russ.).
  31. Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: Clinical guidelines. 2024. https://rehabrus.ru/Docs/2024/klinic-rec-ishem-2024.pdf (accessed June 25, 2025) (in Russ.).
  32. Happonen T., Nyman M., Ylikotila P., Kytö V., Laukka D., Mattila K. et al. Imaging outcomes of emergency MRI in patients with suspected cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a retrospective cohort study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13 (12): 2052. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122052
  33. Ferro J.M., Canhão P. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management. Curr. Cardiol. 2014; 16 (9): 523. DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0523-2
  34. Abbasi B., Kahani N., Ghalibaf A.M., Layegh P., Niroumand S., Akhavan R. et al. Evaluating the diagno stic value of multi-detector brain CT angiography in diagnosing acute cerebral venous thrombosis. Sci. Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 18685. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21743-x
  35. Greenberg S.M., Ziai W.C., Cordonnier C., Dowlatshahi D., Francis B., Goldstein J.N. et al. Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022; 53 (7): e282–e361. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000407
  36. Sadik J.C., Jianu D.C., Sadik R., Purcell Y., Novaes N., Saragoussi E. et al. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis. Life (Basel). 2022; 12(8): 1215. DOI: 10.3390/life12081215
  37. Lv B., Jing F., Tian C.L., Liu J.C., Wang J., Cao X.Y. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis. J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc. 2021; 64 (3): 418–426. DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0247
  38. Ozturk K., Soylu E., Parlak M. Dural venous sinus thrombosis: The combination of noncontrast CT, MRI and PC-MR venography to enhance accuracy. Neuroradiol J. 2018; 31 (5): 473–481. DOI: 10.1177/1971400918781969
  39. Van Dam L.F., van Walderveen M.A.A., Kroft L.J.M., Kruyt N.D., Wermer M.J.H., van Osch M.J.P. et al. Current imaging modalities for diagnosing cerebral vein thrombosis – A critical review. Thromb. Res. 2020; 189: 132–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.011
  40. Tunlayadechanont P., Chobaroon A., Chansakul T. Contrast-enhanced 3D black-blood magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiol. J. 2024; 37 (6): 738–743. DOI: 10.1177/19714009241260798
  41. De Sio S., Mandolesi S., Niglio T., D’Alessandro A., D’Alessandro A., Vitarelli A. et al. Risk of jugular compression blocks in workers exposed to prolonged upright posture. Ann Ig. 2016; 28 (3): 227–232. DOI: 10.7416/ai.2016.2101
  42. Liu L., Xing Y., Chen Y., Ji X., Ge J., Wang L. Eyeneck integrated ultrasound in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Front. Neurol. 2021; 12: 696665. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696665
  43. Shumilina M.V. Ultrasound examinations for headaches in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Moscow; 2022 (in Russ.).
  44. Buonanno F.S., Moody D.M., Ball M.R., Laster D.W. Computed cranial tomographic findings in cerebral sinovenous occlusion. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1978; 2 (3): 281–290. DOI: 10.1097/00004728-197807000-00008
  45. Sadigh G., Mullins M.E., Saindane A.M. Diagnostic Performance of MRI sequences for evaluation of dural venous sinus thrombosis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2016; 206 (6): 1298–1306. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.15.15719
  46. Pezzini A., Grassi M., Iacoviello L., Del Zotto E., Archetti S., Giossi A. et al. Inherited thrombophilia and stratification of ischaemic stroke risk among users of oral contraceptives. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2007; 78 (3): 271–276. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.101675
  47. Carletti F., Vilela P., Jäger H.R. Imaging approach to venous sinus thrombosis. Radiol. Clin. North. Am. 2023; 61 (3): 501–519. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.01.011
  48. Khandelwal N., Agarwal A., Kochhar R., Bapuraj J.R., Singh P., Prabhakar S. et al. Comparison of CT venography with MR venography in cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006; 187: 1637–1643. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.05.1249
  49. Gaikwad A.B., Mudalgi B.A., Patankar K.B., Patil J.K., Ghondade D.V. Diagnostic role of 64-slice multidetector row CT scan and CT venogram in cases of cerebral venous thrombosis. Emerg. Radiol. 2008; 15: 325–333. DOI: 10.1007/s10140-008-0723-4
  50. Ford K., Sarwar M. Computed tomography of dural sinus thrombosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1981; 2 (6): 539–543. PMCID: PMC8335245
  51. Kawaguchi T., Kawano T., Kaneko Y., Ooasa T., Tsutsumi M., Ogasawara S. Classification of venous ischaemia with MRI. J. Clin Neurosci. 2001; 8 (1): 82–88. DOI: 10.1054/jocn.2001.0884
  52. Kauppinen R.A. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of acute experimental brain ischaemia. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2014; 80: 12–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.05.002
  53. Peeters E., Stadnik T., Bissay F., Schmedding E., Osteaux M. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of an acute venous stroke: case report. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001; 22 (10): 1949–1952. PMCID: PMC7973828
  54. Lin Ning, Wong Andrew K., Lipinski Lindsay J., Mokin M., Siddiqui A.H. et al. Reversible changes in diffusion- and perfusion-based imaging in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Neurointerv. Surg. 2016; 8 (2): e6. DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011447.rep
  55. Durward Q.J., Del Maestro R.F., Amacher A.L., Farrar J.K. The influence of systemic arterial pressure and intracranial pressure on the development of cerebral vasogenic edema. J. Neurosurg. 1983; 59 (5): 803–809. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1983.59.5.0803
  56. Marsh E.B., Llinas R.H., Hillis A.E., Gottesman R.F. Hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke and an indic ation for anticoagulation. Eur. J. Neurol. 2013; 20 (6): 962–967. DOI: 10.1111/ene.12126
  57. Shams S., Martola J., Cavallin L. Granberg T., Shams M., Aspelin P. et al. SWI or T2*: which MRI sequence to use in the detection of cerebral microbleeds? The Karolinska imaging dementia study. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2015; 36 (6): 1089–1095. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4248
  58. Duman T., Uluduz D., Midi I., Bektas H., Kablan Y., Goksel B.K. et al. A multicenter study of 1144 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: the VENOST study. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2017; 26 (8): 1848–1857. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.020
  59. Afifi K., Bellanger G., Buyck P.J., Zuurbier S.M., Esperon C.G., Barboza M.A. et al. Features of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis. J. Neurol. 2020; 267 (11): 3292–3298. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10008-0

 Если вы заметили опечатку, выделите текст и нажмите Alt+A