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4. Cai S., Li J., Gao J., Pan W., Zhang Y. Prediction models for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: Systematic review and critical appraisal. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2022; 136: 104340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104340
5. Hulde N., Zittermann A., Tigges-Limmer K., Koster A., Weinrautner N., Gummert J. et al. Preoperative risk factors and early outcomes of delirium in valvular open-heart surgery. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022; 70 (7): 558–565. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740984
6. Greaves D., Psaltis P.J., Davis D.H.J., Ross T.J., Ghezzi E.S., Lampit A. et al. Risk factors for delirium and cognitive decline following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2020; 9 (22): e017275. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017275
7. Florido-Santiago M., Pérez-Belmonte L.M., Osuna-Sánchez J., Barbancho M.A., Ricci M., Millán-Gómez M. et al. Assessment of long-term cognitive dysfunction in older patients who undergo heart surgery. Neurologia (Engl. Ed.). 2023; 38 (6): 399–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.12.005
8. Xu F., Han L., Wang Y., Deng D., Ding Y., Zhao S. et al. Prolonged anesthesia induces neuroinflammation and complement-mediated microglial synaptic elimination involved in neurocognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behaviors. BMC Med. 2023; 21 (1): 7. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02705-6
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19. Peña-Altamira E., Petralla S., Massenzio F., Virgili M., Bolognesi M.L., Monti B. Nutritional and pharmacological strategies to regulate microglial polarization in cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2017; 9: 175. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00175
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1. Golukhova E.Z. Report on the scientific and clinical activity of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery for 2023 and development prospects. The Bulletin of Bakoulev Center. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2024; 25 (Special Issue) (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1810-0694-2024-25S
2. Jonsson K., Barbu M., Nielsen S.J., Hafsteinsdottir B., Gudbjartsson T., Jensen E.M. et al. Perioperative stroke and survival in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: a SWEDEHEART study. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2022; 62 (4): ezac 025. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac025
3. Alwaqfi N., Al Barakat M.M., Qariouti H., Ibrahim K., Alzoubi N. Stroke after heart valve surgery: a single center institution report. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2024; 19 (1): 518. DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-03009-x
4. Cai S., Li J., Gao J., Pan W., Zhang Y. Prediction models for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: Systematic review and critical appraisal. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2022; 136: 104340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104340
5. Hulde N., Zittermann A., Tigges-Limmer K., Koster A., Weinrautner N., Gummert J. et al. Preoperative risk factors and early outcomes of delirium in valvular open-heart surgery. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022; 70 (7): 558–565. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740984
6. Greaves D., Psaltis P.J., Davis D.H.J., Ross T.J., Ghezzi E.S., Lampit A. et al. Risk factors for delirium and cognitive decline following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2020; 9 (22): e017275. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017275
7. Florido-Santiago M., Pérez-Belmonte L.M., Osuna-Sánchez J., Barbancho M.A., Ricci M., Millán-Gómez M. et al. Assessment of long-term cognitive dysfunction in older patients who undergo heart surgery. Neurologia (Engl. Ed.). 2023; 38 (6): 399–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.12.005
8. Xu F., Han L., Wang Y., Deng D., Ding Y., Zhao S. et al. Prolonged anesthesia induces neuroinflammation and complement-mediated microglial synaptic elimination involved in neurocognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behaviors. BMC Med. 2023; 21 (1): 7. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02705-6
9. Paunikar S., Chakole V. Postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, risk factors, and management strategies. Cureus. 2024; 16 (9): e68492. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68492
10. Ovchinnikov D.A., Amosov D.D., Vorobyov E.A., Garnyuk V.V., Beltyukov P.P., Grebennik V.K. et al. Cognitive dysfunction and content of inflammatory markers in patients after coronary artery bypass graft. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2017; 117 (4): 5–10 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2017117415-10
11. Kong X., Lyu W., Lin X., Lin C., Feng H., Xu L. et al. Itaconate alleviates anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment by activating a Nrf2-dependent anti-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis via gut-brain axis. J. Neuroinflammation. 2024; 21 (1): 104. DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03103-w
12. Abrahamov D., Levran O., Naparstek S., Refaeli Y., Kaptson S., Abu Salah M. et al. Blood-brain barrier disruption after cardiopulmonary bypass: diagnosis and correlation to cognition. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2017; 104 (1): 161–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.10.043
13. Yang N., Liang Y., Yang P., Wang W., Zhang X., Wang J. TNF-α receptor antagonist attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Exp. Ther. Med. 2016; 12 (1): 463–468. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3262
14. Zhang J., Dong Y., Lining Huang, Xu X., Liang F., Soriano S.G. et al. Interaction of Tau, IL-6 and mitochondria on synapse and cognition following sevoflurane anesthesia in young mice. Brain. Behav. Immun. Health. 2020; 8: 100133. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100133
15. Suntoko B., Hadisaputro S., Kalim H., Hadi S., Saputra W.A. Relationship between disease activity, levels of IFN-a, IL-4, IL-6, and anti- NMDA to cognitive dysfunction (MoCA-INA Score) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with cognitive dysfunction. Acta Med. Indones. 2023; 55 (3): 307–314.
16. Kinuthia U.M., Wolf A., Langmann T. Microglia and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. Front. Immunol. 2020; 11: 564077. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564077
17. Ren S., Breuillaud L., Yao W., Yin T., Norris K.A., Zehntner S.P. et al. TNF-α-mediated reduction in inhibitory neurotransmission precedes sporadic Alzheimer’s disease pathology in young Trem2R47H rats. J. Biol. Chem. 2021; 296: 100089. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.016395
18. Barrientos R.M., Hein A.M., Frank M.G., Watkins L.R., Maier S.F. Intracisternal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents postoperative cognitive decline and neuroinflammatory response in aged rats. J. Neurosci. 2012; 32 (42): 14641–14648. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2173-12.2012
19. Peña-Altamira E., Petralla S., Massenzio F., Virgili M., Bolognesi M.L., Monti B. Nutritional and pharmacological strategies to regulate microglial polarization in cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2017; 9: 175. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00175
20. Qin C., Fan W.H., Liu Q., Shang K., Murugan M., Wu L.J. et al. Fingolimod protects against ischemic white matter damage by modulating microglia toward M2 polarization via STAT3 pathway. Stroke. 2017; 48 (12): 3336–3346. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018505
21. Yu H., Ren K., Jin Y., Zhang L., Liu H., Huang Z. et al. Mitochondrial DAMPs: Key mediators in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neuropharmacology. 2025; 264: 110217. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110217
22. Benfante R., Di Lascio S., Cardani S., Fornasari D. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a new therapeutic perspective in aging-related disorders. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2021; 33 (4): 823–834. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01359-4
23. Zorbaz T., Madrer N., Soreq H. Cholinergic blockade of neuroinflammation: from tissue to RNA regulators. Neuronal. Signal. 2022; 6 (1): NS20210035. DOI: 10.1042/NS20210035
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25. Bivona G., Iemmolo M., Agnello L., Lo Sasso B., Gambino C.M., Giglio R.V. et al. Microglial activation and priming in Alzheimer’s disease: state of the art and future perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24 (1): 884. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010884
26. Peng L., Guo D., Shi Y., Yang J., Wei W. The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of impaired cerebral autoregulation in aortic arch surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2023; 18 (1): 312. DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02413-z
27. Ferrante M.S., Pisano C., Van Rothem J., Ruvolo G., Abouliatim I. Cerebrovascular events after cardiovascular surgery: diagnosis, management and prevention strategies. Kardiochir. Torakochir. Pol. 2023; 20 (2): 118–122. DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2023.130020
28. Stöhr E.J., McDonnell B.J., Colombo P.C., Willey J.Z. CrossTalk proposal: Blood flow pulsatility in left ventricular assist device patients is essential to maintain normal brain physiology. J. Physiol. 2019; 597 (2): 353–356. DOI: 10.1113/JP276729
29. Korotcova L., Kumar S., Agematsu K., Morton P.D., Jonas R.A., Ishibashi N. Prolonged white matter inflammation after cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest in a juvenile porcine model. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2015; 100 (3): 1030–1037. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.04.017
30. Dogariu O.A., Dogariu I., Vasile C.M., Berceanu M.C., Raicea V.C., Albu C.V. et al. Diagnosis and treatment of watershed strokes: a narrative review. J. Med. Life. 2023; 16 (6): 842–850. DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0127
31. Wood M.D., Boyd J.G., Wood N., Frank J., Girard T.D., Ross-White A. et al. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy and/or transcranial Doppler as non-invasive markers of cerebral perfusion in adult sepsis patients with delirium: a systematic review. J. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 37 (3): 408–422. DOI: 10.1177/0885066621997090
32. Heffernan Á.B., Steinruecke M., Dempsey G., Chandran S., Selvaraj B.T., Jiwaji Z. et al. Role of glia in delirium: proposed mechanisms and translational implications. Mol. Psychiatry. 2025; 30 (3): 1138–1147. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02801-4
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