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«Клиническая физиология кровообращения»

ISSN 1814-6910 (Print)
ISSN 2410-9134 (Online)

 

Главный редактор

Лео Антонович Бокерия, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН и РАМН, президент ФГБУ «НМИЦ ССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева» МЗ РФ


Каталог статей ➤ КФК. 2025; 22 (2): 115-198 ➤ Ключевые внутриклеточные сигнальные пути трансдукции напряжения сдвига эндотелиальных клеток сосудистой стенки

Ключевые внутриклеточные сигнальные пути трансдукции напряжения сдвига эндотелиальных клеток сосудистой стенки

Авторы: Цыган В.Н.1, Санников А.Б.2

Организация:
1 Кафедра патологической физиологии имени В.В. Пашутина Санкт-Петербургской Военно-медицинской академии имени С.М. Кирова, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация
2 Кафедра хирургических болезней с курсом акушерства и гинекологии ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» (Владимирский филиал), Владимир, Российская Федерация

Для корреспонденции: Сведения доступны для зарегистрированных пользователей.

Раздел: Обзоры

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1814-6910-2025-22-2-134-149

УДК: 616.13/14:611.018.74

Библиографическая ссылка: Клиническая физиология кровообращения. 2025; 22 (2): 134-149

Цитировать как: Цыган В.Н., Санников А.Б. . Ключевые внутриклеточные сигнальные пути трансдукции напряжения сдвига эндотелиальных клеток сосудистой стенки. Клиническая физиология кровообращения. 2025; 22 (2): 134-149. DOI: 10.24022/1814-6910-2025-22-2-134-149

Ключевые слова: сосудистая стенка, эндотелиальная клетка, напряжение сдвига, механотрансдукция, внутриклеточная передача сигналов, сигнальные пути

Поступила / Принята к печати:  14.05.2025 / 27.05.2025

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Аннотация

Дана характеристика основных трансдукционных внутриклеточных сигнальных путей от механосенсорики напряжения сдвига эндотелиальной клетки к изменению ее биохимической активности. Согласно современным данным, наиболее значимыми трансдукционными путями являются: Pho-RAS-RAF-MEK- MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MEK5–ERK5–MEF2–AMPK и путь Notch, получившие свое название от каскадной передачи сигналов путем поэтапной активации большого количества протеинкиназ, обладающих тирозиновой или серин/треониновой спецификацией, а также белковых адаптеров, в фосфорилировании которых они непосредственно принимают участие. Конечными пунктами назначения данных трансдукционных путей является участие их в регуляции внутриядерной транскрипции, способной оказать существенное влияние на основные биологические процессы, к которым относятся: взаимодействие эндотелиальных клеток со своими стволовыми предшественниками и их пролиферация, морфогенез и апоптоз, эмбриогенез и ангиогенез. Современные данные подчеркивают возможность перекрестного влияния этих сигнальных путей на многие биологические процессы. Посредством своего участия в межклеточном взаимодействии данные трансдукционные сигнальные пути способны не только обеспечивать стабильность эндотелия в физиологических условиях меняющегося напряжения сдвига, но и стать триггером изменения фенотипа эндотелиальной клетки при развитии провоспалительных реакций, связанных с миграцией моноцитов и других макрофагов к сосудистой стенке, что является одним из ключевых аспектов развития эндотелиальной дисфункции. Особое значение в такой межклеточной коммуникации имеет трансдукция сигналов посредством высококонсервативного пути Notch, изучению которого в настоящее время уделяется повышенное внимание. Полное понимание ключевых пунктов различных путей механотрансдукции сигналов в физиологических условиях позволит наметить новые подходы в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

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****
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Об авторах

  • Цыган Василий Николаевич, академик РАЕН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии им. В.В. Пашутина; ORCID
  • Санников Александр Борисович, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры, врач-ангиолог, сосудистый хирург; ORCID

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