Clinical Physiology of Circulation

Chief Editor

Leo A. Bockeria, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, President of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery


Molecular sensors of shear stress transduction of vascular wall endothelial cells

Authors: Cygan V.N.1, Sannikov A.B.2

Company:
1 Department of Pathological Physiology by name V.V. Pashutin, St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy by name S.M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
2 Clinic «MedСi», Vladimir, Russian Federation

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1814-6910-2025-22-1-33-46

UDC: 616.13/14:611.018.74

Link: Clinical Physiology of Blood Circulaiton. 2025; 22 (1): 33-46

Quote as: Cygan V.N., Sannikov A.B. Molecular sensors of shear stress transduction of vascular wall endothelial cells. Clinical Physiology of Circulation. 2025; 22 (1): 33–46 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1814-6910-2025-22-1-33-46

Received / Accepted:  02.02.2025 / 19.02.2025

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Abstract

Further study of various aspects of the biology of endothelial cells (ECs) remains an urgent task of scientific research, as it underlies not only rheological hemostasis in physiological conditions, but is also the key to understanding the mechanisms of development of almost all cardiovascular diseases. One of the main factors that can significantly affect the functional state of the vascular wall endothelium under hemodynamic conditions is a change in shear Stress (SS). The process of changing the biochemical activity of ECs under the influence of this mechanical factor, from the point of view of biophysics, is called mechanotransduction. For the perception of mechanical signals that initiate a further intracellular cascade of events up to transcriptional changes, the ECs must have mechanisms with sensory abilities on its surface. According to modern data, a large number of protein molecules localized in the extracellular matrix (ECM), glycocalyx (GCX) and plasma membrane (PM) are considered as primary mechanosensors. Among the main such proteins are: fibronectin; glycosaminoglycans syndecan and glypican; hyaloderin CD44 and hyaluronan; αVß3- integrins, which are part of adhesives; connexons; mechanosensitive ion channels PIEZO1 and a large number of protein kinases, the cascading activation of which, upon receiving a signal from outside the cell, forms the basis of two main signaling pathways for further intracellular transmission: Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. The review presents material summarizing current data on the molecular structure and degree of involvement of various protein molecules of endothelial cells as primary sensors of the mechanical signal and its further intracellular transduction.

About Authors

  • Vasiliy N. Tsygan, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Medical Sciences, Head of the department of pathological physiology after V.V. Pashutin; ORCID
  • Alexsander B. Sannikov, Cand. Med. Sci., Angiologist, Vascular Surgeon; ORCID

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