Clinical Physiology of Circulation

ISSN 1814-6910 (Print)
ISSN 2410-9134 (Online)

 

Chief Editor

Leo A. Bockeria, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, President of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery


Issue's catalogue ➤ КФК. 2022; 19 (3): 193-286 ➤ Стратегия инфузионной терапии при операциях аортокоронарного шунтирования без искусственного кровообращения

Infusion therapy strategy for coronary artery revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass

Authors: Khinchagov D.Ya., Rybka M.M.

Company:
Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russian Federation

E-mail: Сведения доступны для зарегистрированных пользователей.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1814-6910-2022-19-3-201-210

UDC: 616.132.2-089

Link: Clinical Physiology of Blood Circulaiton. 2022; 3 (19): 201-210

Quote as: Khinchagov D.Ya., Rybka M.M. Infusion therapy strategy for coronary artery revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical Physiology of Circulation. 2022; 19 (3): 201–10 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1814-6910-2022-19-3-201-210

Keywords:  off-pump coronary artery bypass Infusion therapy strategy

Received / Accepted:  08.02.2022 / 03.03.2022

Download
Full text:  

Abstract

In the operations of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass, infusion therapy is an important and integral part of the anesthetic management. The infusion therapy should ensure the stability of hemodynamics without negatively affecting the oxygenating function of the lungs and the incidence of organ dysfunction. Solving the problems of volemic disorders will improve the patient's safety during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). Currently, there are three strategies for fluid therapy: “liberal”, “restrictive” and “Goal-directed fluid therapy”. Recently widespread restrictive and targeted fluid therapy strategies have proven to be advantageous in operations with increased risk of complexity over liberal fluid therapy This article highlights the current understanding of the strategies of infusion therapy when working in adults, analyzed studies devoted to the strategy of infusion therapy in operating OPCAB.

References

  1. Grocott M.P.W., Mythen M.G., Gan Perioperative T.J. Fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2005; 100 (4): 1093–106. DOI: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000148691.33690.AC
  2. Navarro L.H., Bloomstone J.A., Auler J.O., Cannesson M., Rocca G.D., Gan T.J. et al. Perioperative fluid therapy: a statement from the international Fluid Optimization Group. Perioperative Medicine. 2015; 4 (1): 3. DOI: 10.1186/s13741-015-0014-z
  3. Kapoor P.M., Magoon R., Rawat R.S., Mehta Y., Taneja S., Ravi R. et al. Goal-directed therapy improves the outcome of high-risk cardiac patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass. Ann. Card. Anaesth. 2017; 20 (1): 83–9. DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.197842
  4. Patel H., Parikh N., Shah R., Patel R., Thosani R., Shah P. et al. Effect of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy in postcardiac surgery patients. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2020; 24 (5): 321–6. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23427
  5. Miller T.E., Myles P.S. Perioperative fluid therapy for major surgery. Anesthesiology. 2019; 130: 825–32. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002603
  6. Joshi G.P. Intraoperative fluid management. UpToDate. 2020.
  7. Гирш А.О., Какуля Е.Н., Иванов К.А., Ушакова Н.Г., Чугулев И.А., Шакирова З.А. Интраоперационная инфузионная терапия. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2013; 1: 29–33.
  8. Watson X., Cecconi M. Haemodynamic monitoring in the peri-operative period: the past, the present and the future. Anaesthesia. 2017; 72 (1): 7–15. DOI: 10.1111/anae.13737
  9. Черний В.И. Сбалансированная инфузионная терапия в периоперационном периоде. Методы жидкостной ресусцитации периоперационной кровопотери. Медицина неотложных состояний. 2015; 2: 37–43.
  10. Nicolini F., Agostinelli A., Vezzani A., Manca T., Benassi F., Molardi A., Gherli T. The evolution of cardiovascular surgery in elderly patient: a review of current options and outcomes. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 736298. DOI: 10.1155/2014/736298
  11. Yaffee D.W., Williams M.R. Cardiovascular surgery in the elderly. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2016; 28 (4): 741–7. DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2016.08.007
  12. Voldby A.W., Brandstrup B. Fluid therapy in the perioperative setting – a clinical review. J. Intensive Care. 2016; 4: 27. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0154-3
  13. Singh S., Kuschner W.G., Lighthall G. Perioperative intravascular fluid assessment and monitoring: a narrative review of established and emerging techniques. Anesthesiol. Res. Pract. 2011; 231493. DOI: 10.1155/2011/231493
  14. Kendrick J.B., Kaye A.D., Tong Y., Belani K., Urman R.D., Hoffman C., Liu H. Goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative setting. J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol. 2019; 35: 29–34. DOI: 10.4103/joacp. JOACP_26_18
  15. Harrois A., Baudry N., Huet O., Kato H., Dupic L., Lohez M. et al. Norepinephrine decreases fluid requirements and blood loss while preserving intestinal villi microcirculation during fluid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in mice. Anesthesiology. 2015; 122 (5): 1093–102. DOI: 10.1097/ALN. 0000000000000639
  16. Кучин Ю.Л. Периоперацонная инфузионная терапия. Здоров’я Украинi. 2015; 2 (38): 32–5.
  17. Malbrain M.L.N.G., Langer T., Annane D., Gattinoni L., Elbers P., Hahn R.G. et al. Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA). Ann. Intensive Care. 2020; 10 (1): 64. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00679-3
  18. Romagnoli S., Rizza A., Ricci Z. Fluid status assessment and management during the perioperative phase in adult cardiac surgery patients. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2016; 30 (4): 1076–84. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.11.008
  19. Sedehi D., Cigarroa J.E. Precipitants of myocardial ischemia in chronic coronary artery disease: a companion to braunwald's heart disease. 2018: 69–77. Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-42880-4.00006-6
  20. Delicce A.V., Makaryus A.N. Physiology, Frank Starling Law. 2021 Feb 17. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. PMID: 29262149
  21. Parke R.L., McGuinness S.P., Gilder E., McCarthy L. Intravenous fluid use after cardiac surgery: a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Critical Care and Resuscitation. 2014; 16 (3): 164–9. PMID: 25161017
  22. Alves D.R., Ribeiras R. Does fasting influence preload responsiveness in ASA 1 and 2 volunteers? Braz. J. Anesthesiol. 2017; 67: 172–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2015.11.002
  23. Al-Ghamdi A.A. Intraoperative fluid management: Past and future, where is the evidence? Saudi J. Anaesth. 2018; 12: 311–7. DOI: 10.4103/sja.SJA_689_17
  24. Della Rocca G., Vetrugno L., Tripi G., Deana C., Barbariol F., Pompei L. Liberal or restricted fluid administration: are we ready for a proposal of a restricted intraoperative approach? BMC Anesthesiol. 2014; 14: 62–74. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-62
  25. Волков П.А., Волкова Ю.Н., Севалкин С.А., Чурадзе Б.Т., Гурьянов В.А. Эволюция взглядов на интраоперационную инфузионную терапию. Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2015; 12 (5): 48–57. DOI: 10.21292/2078-5658-2015-12-5-48-57
  26. Jacob M., Chappell D., Rehm M. The “third space” – fact or fiction? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2009; 23 (2): 145–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2009.05.001
  27. Becker B.F., Jacob M., Leipert S., Salmon A.H., Chappell D. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx in clinical settings: searching for the sheddases. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2015; 80 (3): 389–402. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12629
  28. Яворовский А.Г. Специфические компоненты анестезиологического обеспечения операций реваскуляризации миокарда. В кн.: Бунятян А.А., Трекова Н.А. (ред.). Руководство по кардиоанестезиологии. М.: ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»; 2005: 686.
  29. Holte K., Kehlet H. Fluid therapy and surgical outcomes in elective surgery: a need for reassessment of fast-track surgery. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2006; 202: 971–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.003
  30. Kulemann B., Timme S., Seifert G., Holzner P.A., Glatz T., Sick O. et al. Intraoperative crystalloid overload leads to substantial inflammatory infiltration of intestinal anastomoses – a histomorphological analysis. Surgery. 2013; 154: 596–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg. 2013.04.010
  31. Nessim C., Sidéris L., Turcotte S., Vafiadis P., Fortier L.P., Dubé P. The effect of fluid overload in the presence of an epidural on the strength of colonic anastomoses. J. Surg. Res. 2013; 183: 567–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss. 2013.03.030
  32. Doherty M., Buggy D.J. Intraoperative fluids: how much is too much? Br. J. Anaesth. 2012; 109: 69–79. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes171
  33. Diaper J., Schiffer E., Barcelos G.K., Luise S., Schorer R., Ellenberger C. et al. Goal-directed hemodynamic therapy versus restrictive normovolemic therapy in major open abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surgery. 2021; 169: 1164–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.09.035
  34. Brandstrup B., Svensen C., Engquist A. Hemorrhage and operation cause a contraction of the extracellular space needing replacement – evidence and implications? A systematic review. Surgery. 2006; 139 (3): 419–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2005.07.035
  35. Nadeem A., Salahuddin N., El Hazmi A., Joseph M., Bohlega B., Sallam H. et al. Chloride-liberal fluids are associated with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation. Crit. Care. 2014; 18 (6): 625. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0625-7
  36. Rahbari N.N., Zimmermann J.B., Schmidt T., Koch M., Weigand M.A., Weitz J. Meta-analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Brit. J. Surg. 2009; 96: 331–41. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6552
  37. Bundgaard-Nielsen M., Secher N.H., Kehlet H. ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘restrictive’ perioperative fluid therapy – a critical assessment of the evidence. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2009; 53: 843–5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02029.x
  38. Duke M.D., Guidry C., Guice J., Stuke L., Marr A.B., Hunt J.P. et al. Restrictive fluid resuscitation in combination with damage control resuscitation: time for adaptation. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73 (3): 674–8. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318265ce1f
  39. Miller T.E., Roche A.M., Mythen M. Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Can. J. Anaesth. 2015; 62 (2): 158–68. DOI: 10.1007/s12630- 014-0266-y
  40. Gustafsson U.O., Scott M.J., Schwenk W., Demartines N., Roulin D., Francis N. et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World J. Surg. 2013; 37: 259–84. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1772-0
  41. Schol P.B.B., Terink I.M., Lancé M.D., Scheepers H.C.J. Liberal or restrictive fluid management during elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Anesth. 2016; 35: 26–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.07.010
  42. Myles P.S., Bellomo R., Corcoran T., Forbes A., Peyton P., Story D. et al. Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 2018; 378: 2263–74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801601
  43. Messina A., Robba C., Calabrò L., Zambelli D., Iannuzzi F., Molinari E. et al. Perioperative liberal versus restrictive fluid strategies and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and metanalysis on randomised-controlled trials in major abdominal elective surgery. Crit. Care. 2021; 25 (1): 205. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03629-y
  44. Bose E.L., Hravnak M., Pinsky M.R. The interface bet-ween monitoring and physiology at the bedside. Crit. Care Clin. 2015; 31 (1): 1–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2014.08.001
  45. Смешной И.А., Пасечник И.Н., Губайдуллин Р.Р., Скобелев Е.И. Целенаправленная инфузионная терапия интраоперационной гиповолемии в абдоминальной хирургии. Доктор.Ру. Анестезиология и реаниматология. Мед. реабилитация. 2016; 12 (129): 22–6.
  46. Cannesson M., Gan T.J. PRO: Perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy is an essential element of an enhanced recovery protocol. Anesth. Analg. 2016; 122 (5): 1258–60. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001144
  47. Сорокина Е.Ю. Рациональная инфузионная терапия как компонент периоперационной интенсивной терапии у больных хирургического профиля. Медицина неотложных состояний. 2013; 5 (52): 69–76. Sorokina E.Yu. Rational infusion therapy as a component of perioperative intensive care in patients with surgical profile. Meditsina Neotlozhnyh Sostoyanij. 2013; 5 (52): 69–76 (in Russ.).
  48. Bennett V.A., Cecconi M. Perioperative fluid management: From physiology to improving clinical outcomes. Indian J. Anaesth. 2017; 61 (8): 614–21. DOI: 10.4103/ija.IJA_456_17
  49. Miller T.E., Raghunathan K., Gan T.J. State-of-the-art fluid management in the operating room. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2014; 28 (3): 261–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.07.003
  50. Varadhan K.K., Lobo D.N. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2010; 69 (4): 488–98. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665110001734
  51. Пасечник И.Н., Смешной И.А., Губайдуллин Р.Р., Сальников П.С. Оптимизация инфузионной терапии при обширных абдоминальных операциях. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2015; 2: 25–9. DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2015225-29
  52. Aditianingsih D., George Y.W. Guiding principles of fluid and volume therapy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2014; 28 (3): 249–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa. 2014.07.002
  53. Vincent J.L., Pelosi P., Pearse R., Payen D., Perrel A., Hoeft A. et al. Perioperative cardiovascular monitoring of high-risk patients: a consensus of 12. Crit. Care. 2015; 19 (1): 224. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0932-7
  54. Lonjaret L., Lairez O., Minville V., Geeraerts T. Optimal perioperative management of arterial blood pressure. Integr. Blood Press. Control. 2014; 7: 49–59. DOI: 10.2147/IBPC.S45292
  55. Suehiro K., Joosten A., Alexander B., Cannesson M. Guiding goal-directed therapy. Curr. Anesthesiol. Rep. 2014; 4: 360–75. DOI: 10.1007/s40140-014-0074-5
  56. Osawa E.A., Rhodes A., Landoni G., Gala S., Fukushima J.T., Park C.H. et al. Effect of perioperative goaldirected hemodynamic resuscitation therapy on outcomes following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review. Crit. Care Med. 2016; 44 (4): 724–33. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001479
  57. Giglio M., Dalfino L., Puntillo F., Rubino G., Marucci M., Brienza N. Haemodynamic goal-directed therapy in cardiac vascular surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact. Cardio. Vasc. Thorac. Surg. 2012; 15: 878–87. DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs323
  58. Aya H.D., Cecconi M., Hamilton M., Rhodes A. Goaldirected therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Anaest. 2013; 110 (4): 510–7. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet020
  59. Fergerson B.D., Manecke G.R. Jr. Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: are we there yet? J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2013; 27 (6): 1075–8. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.08.004
  60. Wahba A., Milojevic M., Boer C., De Somer F.M.J.J., Gudbjartsson T., van den Goor J. et al. EACTS/EACTA/EBCP Committee Reviewers. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2020; 57 (2): 210–51. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz267
  61. Licker M., Triponez F., Ellenberger C., Karenovics W. Fluid therapy in thoracic surgery: a zero-balance target is always best! Turk. J. Anaesthesiol. Reanim. 2016; 44 (5): 227–9. DOI: 10.5152/TJAR.2016.006
  62. Pestaña D., Espinosa E., Eden A., Nájera D., Collar L., Aldecoa C., Higuera E. Perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic optimization using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in major abdominal surgery: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, pragmatic trial: POEMAS Study (PeriOperative goal-directed therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery). Anesth. Analg. 2014; 119 (3): 579–87. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000295
  63. Ackland G.L., Iqbal S., Paredes L.G., Toner A., Lyness C., Jenkins N. et al. POM-O (Postoperative Morbidity-Oxygen delivery) study group. Individualised oxygen delivery targeted haemodynamic therapy in high-risk surgical patients: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, mechanistic trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2015; 3 (1): 33–41. DOI: 10.1016/S2213- 2600(14)70205-X
  64. Pearse R.M., Harrison D.A., MacDonald N., Gillies M.A., Blunt M., Ackland G. et al. OPTIMISE Study Group. Effect of a perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review. JAMA. 2014; 311 (21): 2181–90. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5305
****
  1. Grocott M.P.W., Mythen M.G., Gan Perioperative T.J. Fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2005; 100 (4): 1093–106. DOI: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000148691.33690.AC
  2. Navarro L.H., Bloomstone J.A., Auler J.O., Cannesson M., Rocca G.D., Gan T.J. et al. Perioperative fluid therapy: a statement from the international Fluid Optimization Group. Perioperative Medicine. 2015; 4 (1): 3. DOI: 10.1186/s13741-015-0014-z
  3. Kapoor P.M., Magoon R., Rawat R.S., Mehta Y., Taneja S., Ravi R. et al. Goal-directed therapy improves the outcome of high-risk cardiac patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass. Ann. Card. Anaesth. 2017; 20 (1): 83–9. DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.197842
  4. Patel H., Parikh N., Shah R., Patel R., Thosani R., Shah P. et al. Effect of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy in postcardiac surgery patients. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2020; 24 (5): 321–6. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23427
  5. Miller T.E., Myles P.S. Perioperative fluid therapy for major surgery. Anesthesiology. 2019; 130: 825–32. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002603
  6. Joshi G.P. Intraoperative fluid management. UpToDate. 2020.
  7. Girsh A.O., Kakulya E.N., Ivanov K.A., Ushakova I.A., Chygylev N.G., Snacirova Z.A. Intraoperative infusion therapy. Siberian Medical Journal. 2013; 1: 29–33 (in Russ.).
  8. Watson X., Cecconi M. Haemodynamic monitoring in the peri-operative period: the past, the present and the future. Anaesthesia. 2017; 72 (1): 7–15. DOI: 10.1111/anae.13737
  9. Cherniy V.I. Balanced infusion therapy in the perioperative period. Methods of liquid resuscitation of perioperative blood loss. Emergency Medicine. 2015; 2: 37–43 (in Russ.).
  10. Nicolini F., Agostinelli A., Vezzani A., Manca T., Benassi F., Molardi A., Gherli T. The evolution of cardiovascular surgery in elderly patient: a review of current options and outcomes. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 736298. DOI: 10.1155/2014/736298
  11. Yaffee D.W., Williams M.R. Cardiovascular surgery in the elderly. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2016; 28 (4): 741–7. DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2016.08.007
  12. Voldby A.W., Brandstrup B. Fluid therapy in the perioperative setting – a clinical review. J. Intensive Care. 2016; 4: 27. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0154-3
  13. Singh S., Kuschner W.G., Lighthall G. Perioperative intravascular fluid assessment and monitoring: a narrative review of established and emerging techniques. Anesthesiol. Res. Pract. 2011; 231493. DOI: 10.1155/2011/231493
  14. Kendrick J.B., Kaye A.D., Tong Y., Belani K., Urman R.D., Hoffman C., Liu H. Goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative setting. J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol. 2019; 35: 29–34. DOI: 10.4103/joacp. JOACP_26_18
  15. Harrois A., Baudry N., Huet O., Kato H., Dupic L., Lohez M. et al. Norepinephrine decreases fluid requirements and blood loss while preserving intestinal villi microcirculation during fluid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in mice. Anesthesiology. 2015; 122 (5): 1093–102. DOI: 10.1097/ALN. 0000000000000639
  16. Kuchin Yu.L. Perioperative infusion therapy. Healthy Ukraine. 2015; 2 (38): 32–5 (in Russ.).
  17. Malbrain M.L.N.G., Langer T., Annane D., Gattinoni L., Elbers P., Hahn R.G. et al. Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA). Ann. Intensive Care. 2020; 10 (1): 64. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00679-3
  18. Romagnoli S., Rizza A., Ricci Z. Fluid status assessment and management during the perioperative phase in adult cardiac surgery patients. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2016; 30 (4): 1076–84. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.11.008
  19. Sedehi D., Cigarroa J.E. Precipitants of myocardial ischemia in chronic coronary artery disease: a companion to braunwald's heart disease. 2018: 69–77. Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-42880-4.00006-6
  20. Delicce A.V., Makaryus A.N. Physiology, Frank Starling Law. 2021 Feb 17. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. PMID: 29262149
  21. Parke R.L., McGuinness S.P., Gilder E., McCarthy L. Intravenous fluid use after cardiac surgery: a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Critical Care and Resuscitation. 2014; 16 (3): 164–9. PMID: 25161017
  22. Alves D.R., Ribeiras R. Does fasting influence preload responsiveness in ASA 1 and 2 volunteers? Braz. J. Anesthesiol. 2017; 67: 172–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2015.11.002
  23. Al-Ghamdi A.A. Intraoperative fluid management: Past and future, where is the evidence? Saudi J. Anaesth. 2018; 12: 311–7. DOI: 10.4103/sja.SJA_689_17
  24. Della Rocca G., Vetrugno L., Tripi G., Deana C., Barbariol F., Pompei L. Liberal or restricted fluid administration: are we ready for a proposal of a restricted intraoperative approach? BMC Anesthesiol. 2014; 14: 62–74. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-62
  25. Volkov P.A., Volkova Yu.N., Sevalkin S.A., Churadze B.T., Gur’yanov V.A. Evolution of opinions about intraoperative infusion therapy. Messenger of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2015; 12 (5): 48–57 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.21292/2078-5658-2015-12-5-48-57
  26. Jacob M., Chappell D., Rehm M. The “third space” – fact or fiction? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2009; 23 (2): 145–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2009.05.001
  27. Becker B.F., Jacob M., Leipert S., Salmon A.H., Chappell D. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx in clinical settings: searching for the sheddases. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2015; 80 (3): 389–402. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12629
  28. Yavorovskiy A.G. Specific components of anesthetic management of myocardial revascularization operations. In: Bunyatyan A.A., Trekova N.A. (Eds). Guide to Cardioanesthesiology. Moscow; 2005: 686 (in Russ.).
  29. Holte K., Kehlet H. Fluid therapy and surgical outcomes in elective surgery: a need for reassessment of fast-track surgery. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2006; 202: 971–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.003
  30. Kulemann B., Timme S., Seifert G., Holzner P.A., Glatz T., Sick O. et al. Intraoperative crystalloid overload leads to substantial inflammatory infiltration of intestinal anastomoses – a histomorphological analysis. Surgery. 2013; 154: 596–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg. 2013.04.010
  31. Nessim C., Sidéris L., Turcotte S., Vafiadis P., Fortier L.P., Dubé P. The effect of fluid overload in the presence of an epidural on the strength of colonic anastomoses. J. Surg. Res. 2013; 183: 567–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss. 2013.03.030
  32. Doherty M., Buggy D.J. Intraoperative fluids: how much is too much? Br. J. Anaesth. 2012; 109: 69–79. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes171
  33. Diaper J., Schiffer E., Barcelos G.K., Luise S., Schorer R., Ellenberger C. et al. Goal-directed hemodynamic therapy versus restrictive normovolemic therapy in major open abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surgery. 2021; 169: 1164–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.09.035
  34. Brandstrup B., Svensen C., Engquist A. Hemorrhage and operation cause a contraction of the extracellular space needing replacement – evidence and implications? A systematic review. Surgery. 2006; 139 (3): 419–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2005.07.035
  35. Nadeem A., Salahuddin N., El Hazmi A., Joseph M., Bohlega B., Sallam H. et al. Chloride-liberal fluids are associated with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation. Crit. Care. 2014; 18 (6): 625. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0625-7
  36. Rahbari N.N., Zimmermann J.B., Schmidt T., Koch M., Weigand M.A., Weitz J. Meta-analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Brit. J. Surg. 2009; 96: 331–41. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6552
  37. Bundgaard-Nielsen M., Secher N.H., Kehlet H. ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘restrictive’ perioperative fluid therapy – a critical assessment of the evidence. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2009; 53: 843–5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02029.x
  38. Duke M.D., Guidry C., Guice J., Stuke L., Marr A.B., Hunt J.P. et al. Restrictive fluid resuscitation in combination with damage control resuscitation: time for adaptation. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73 (3): 674–8. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318265ce1f
  39. Miller T.E., Roche A.M., Mythen M. Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Can. J. Anaesth. 2015; 62 (2): 158–68. DOI: 10.1007/s12630- 014-0266-y
  40. Gustafsson U.O., Scott M.J., Schwenk W., Demartines N., Roulin D., Francis N. et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World J. Surg. 2013; 37: 259–84. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1772-0
  41. Schol P.B.B., Terink I.M., Lancé M.D., Scheepers H.C.J. Liberal or restrictive fluid management during elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Anesth. 2016; 35: 26–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.07.010
  42. Myles P.S., Bellomo R., Corcoran T., Forbes A., Peyton P., Story D. et al. Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 2018; 378: 2263–74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801601
  43. Messina A., Robba C., Calabrò L., Zambelli D., Iannuzzi F., Molinari E. et al. Perioperative liberal versus restrictive fluid strategies and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and metanalysis on randomised-controlled trials in major abdominal elective surgery. Crit. Care. 2021; 25 (1): 205. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03629-y
  44. Bose E.L., Hravnak M., Pinsky M.R. The interface bet-ween monitoring and physiology at the bedside. Crit. Care Clin. 2015; 31 (1): 1–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2014.08.001
  45. Smeshnoi I.A., Pasechnik I.N., Gubaidullin R.R., Skobelev E.I. Goal-directed fluid therapy for intraoperative hypovolemia in abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Fast Track). 2016; 12 (129): 22–6 (in Russ.).
  46. Cannesson M., Gan T.J. PRO: Perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy is an essential element of an enhanced recovery protocol. Anesth. Analg. 2016; 122 (5): 1258–60. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001144
  47. Sorokina E.Yu. Rational infusion therapy as a component of perioperative intensive care in patients with surgical profile. Meditsina Neotlozhnyh Sostoyanij. 2013; 5 (52): 69–76 (in Russ.).
  48. Bennett V.A., Cecconi M. Perioperative fluid management: From physiology to improving clinical outcomes. Indian J. Anaesth. 2017; 61 (8): 614–21. DOI: 10.4103/ija.IJA_456_17
  49. Miller T.E., Raghunathan K., Gan T.J. State-of-the-art fluid management in the operating room. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2014; 28 (3): 261–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.07.003
  50. Varadhan K.K., Lobo D.N. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2010; 69 (4): 488–98. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665110001734
  51. Pasechnik I.N., Smeshnoi I.A., Gubaidullin R.R., Salnikov P.S. Optimization of infusion therapy in large abdominal operations. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal imeni N.I. Pirogova. 2015; 2: 25–9 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2015225-29
  52. Aditianingsih D., George Y.W. Guiding principles of fluid and volume therapy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2014; 28 (3): 249–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa. 2014.07.002
  53. Vincent J.L., Pelosi P., Pearse R., Payen D., Perrel A., Hoeft A. et al. Perioperative cardiovascular monitoring of high-risk patients: a consensus of 12. Crit. Care. 2015; 19 (1): 224. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0932-7
  54. Lonjaret L., Lairez O., Minville V., Geeraerts T. Optimal perioperative management of arterial blood pressure. Integr. Blood Press. Control. 2014; 7: 49–59. DOI: 10.2147/IBPC.S45292
  55. Suehiro K., Joosten A., Alexander B., Cannesson M. Guiding goal-directed therapy. Curr. Anesthesiol. Rep. 2014; 4: 360–75. DOI: 10.1007/s40140-014-0074-5
  56. Osawa E.A., Rhodes A., Landoni G., Gala S., Fukushima J.T., Park C.H. et al. Effect of perioperative goaldirected hemodynamic resuscitation therapy on outcomes following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review. Crit. Care Med. 2016; 44 (4): 724–33. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001479
  57. Giglio M., Dalfino L., Puntillo F., Rubino G., Marucci M., Brienza N. Haemodynamic goal-directed therapy in cardiac vascular surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact. Cardio. Vasc. Thorac. Surg. 2012; 15: 878–87. DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs323
  58. Aya H.D., Cecconi M., Hamilton M., Rhodes A. Goaldirected therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Anaest. 2013; 110 (4): 510–7. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet020
  59. Fergerson B.D., Manecke G.R. Jr. Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: are we there yet? J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2013; 27 (6): 1075–8. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.08.004
  60. Wahba A., Milojevic M., Boer C., De Somer F.M.J.J., Gudbjartsson T., van den Goor J. et al. EACTS/EACTA/EBCP Committee Reviewers. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2020; 57 (2): 210–51. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz267
  61. Licker M., Triponez F., Ellenberger C., Karenovics W. Fluid therapy in thoracic surgery: a zero-balance target is always best! Turk. J. Anaesthesiol. Reanim. 2016; 44 (5): 227–9. DOI: 10.5152/TJAR.2016.006
  62. Pestaña D., Espinosa E., Eden A., Nájera D., Collar L., Aldecoa C., Higuera E. Perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic optimization using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in major abdominal surgery: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, pragmatic trial: POEMAS Study (PeriOperative goal-directed therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery). Anesth. Analg. 2014; 119 (3): 579–87. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000295
  63. Ackland G.L., Iqbal S., Paredes L.G., Toner A., Lyness C., Jenkins N. et al. POM-O (Postoperative Morbidity-Oxygen delivery) study group. Individualised oxygen delivery targeted haemodynamic therapy in high-risk surgical patients: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, mechanistic trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2015; 3 (1): 33–41. DOI: 10.1016/S2213- 2600(14)70205-X
  64. Pearse R.M., Harrison D.A., MacDonald N., Gillies M.A., Blunt M., Ackland G. et al. OPTIMISE Study Group. Effect of a perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review. JAMA. 2014; 311 (21): 2181–90. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5305

About Authors

  • Dzhumber Ya. Khinchagov, Cand. Med. Sci., Anesthesiologist-Intensivist; ORCID
  • Mikhail M. Rybka, Dr. Med. Sci., Head of Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit; ORCID

 If you found mistakes, select text and press Alt+A