Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography during occluder implantation into the appendage of the left atrium

References

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2. Samim D., Choffat D., Vollenweider P., Waeber G, Marques-Vidal P., Méan M. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation: the Swiss population-based CoLaus|Psy-CoLaus study. Herz. 2023; 48 (1): 48–54. DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05090-7
3. Wang B., Wang Z., He B., Fu G., Feng M., Liu J. et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure confirmed by intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography under local anesthesia: safety and clinical efficacy. Acta. Cardiol. Sin. 2021; 37 (2): 146–154. DOI: 10.6515/ACS.202103_37(2).20200327A
4. Laterra G., Dattilo G., Correale M., Brunetti N.D., Artale C., Sacchetta G. et al. Imaging modality to guide left atrial appendage closure: current status and future perspectives. J. Clin. Med. 2023; 12 (11): 3756. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113756
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6. Mahajan R., Brooks A.G., Sullivan T., Lim H.S., Alasady M., Abed H.S. et al. Importance of the underlying substrate in determining thrombus location in atrial fibrillation: implications for left atrial appendage closure. Heart. 2012; 98 (15): 1120–1126. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301799
7. Blackshear J.L., Odell J.A. Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1996; 61 (2): 755–759. DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00887
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12. Glikson M., Wolff R., Hindricks G., Mandrola J., Camm A.J., Lip G.Y. et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion – an update. Europace. 2020; 22 (2): 184. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz258
13. Wunderlich N.C., Beigel R., Swaans M.J., Ho S.Y., Siegel R.J. Percutaneous interventions for left atrial appendage exclusion: options, assessment, and imaging using 2D and 3D echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2015; 8 (4): 472–488. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg. 2015.02.002
14. Galea R., Mahmoudi K., Gräni C., Elhadad S., Huber A.T., Heg D. et al. Watchman FLX vs. Watchman 2.5 in a Dual-Center Left Atrial Appendage Closure Cohort: the WATCH-DUAL study. Europace. 2022; 24 (9): 1441–1450. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac021
15. Reddy V.Y., Doshi S.K., Sievert H., Buchbinder M., Neuzil P., Huber K. et al.; PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-year follow-up of the PROTECT AF (watchman left atrial appendage system for embolic protection in patients with atrial fibrillation) trial. Circulation. 2013; 127 (6): 720–729. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114389
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1. Sagris M., Vardas E.P., Theofilis P., Antonopoulos A.S., Oikonomou E., Tousoulis D. Atrial fibrillation: pathogenesis, predisposing factors, and genetics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 23 (1): 6. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010006
2. Samim D., Choffat D., Vollenweider P., Waeber G, Marques-Vidal P., Méan M. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation: the Swiss population-based CoLaus|Psy-CoLaus study. Herz. 2023; 48 (1): 48–54. DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05090-7
3. Wang B., Wang Z., He B., Fu G., Feng M., Liu J. et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure confirmed by intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography under local anesthesia: safety and clinical efficacy. Acta. Cardiol. Sin. 2021; 37 (2): 146–154. DOI: 10.6515/ACS.202103_37(2).20200327A
4. Laterra G., Dattilo G., Correale M., Brunetti N.D., Artale C., Sacchetta G. et al. Imaging modality to guide left atrial appendage closure: current status and future perspectives. J. Clin. Med. 2023; 12 (11): 3756. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113756
5. Biniashvili M.B., Le T.G., Bockeria L.A. Surgical closure of the left atrium auricle: past, present, future. Annaly Aritmologii. 2022; 19 (3): 178–189 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15275/annaritmol.2022.3.7
6. Mahajan R., Brooks A.G., Sullivan T., Lim H.S., Alasady M., Abed H.S. et al. Importance of the underlying substrate in determining thrombus location in atrial fibrillation: implications for left atrial appendage closure. Heart. 2012; 98 (15): 1120–1126. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301799
7. Blackshear J.L., Odell J.A. Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1996; 61 (2): 755–759. DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00887
8. Pevzner D.V., Rytova Yu.K., Merkulova I.A., Merkulov E.V. Efficacy and safety of various antithrombotic therapy regimens after implantation of the occluder of the left atrium appendage. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022; 21 (8): 59–71 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3353
9. Meier B., Blaauw Y., Khattab A.A., Lewalter T., Sievert H., Tondo C., Glikson M.; Document Reviewers. EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion. Europace. 2014; 16 (10): 1397–1416. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu174
10. Sievert H., Lesh M.D., Trepels T., Omran H., Bartorelli A., Della Bella P. et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: early clinical experience. Circulation. 2002; 105 (16): 1887–1889. DOI: 10.1161/01. cir.0000015698.54752.6d
11. Camm A.J., Lip G.Y., De Caterina R., Savelieva I., Atar D., Hohnloser S.H. et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur. Heart. J. 2012; 33 (21): 2719–2747. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs253
12. Glikson M., Wolff R., Hindricks G., Mandrola J., Camm A.J., Lip G.Y. et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion – an update. Europace. 2020; 22 (2): 184. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz258
13. Wunderlich N.C., Beigel R., Swaans M.J., Ho S.Y., Siegel R.J. Percutaneous interventions for left atrial appendage exclusion: options, assessment, and imaging using 2D and 3D echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2015; 8 (4): 472–488. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.02.002
14. Galea R., Mahmoudi K., Gräni C., Elhadad S., Huber A.T., Heg D. et al. Watchman FLX vs. Watchman 2.5 in a Dual-Center Left Atrial Appendage Closure Cohort: the WATCH-DUAL study. Europace. 2022; 24 (9): 1441–1450. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac021
15. Reddy V.Y., Doshi S.K., Sievert H., Buchbinder M., Neuzil P., Huber K. et al.; PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-year follow-up of the PROTECT AF (watchman left atrial appendage system for embolic protection in patients with atrial fibrillation) trial. Circulation. 2013; 127 (6): 720–729. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114389
16. Guchaev R.V., Pevzner D.V., Merkulov E.V., Mironov V.M., Zhukova N.S., Korobkova I.Z. Endovascular methods of closure of the left atrial appendage in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation for stroke prevention. Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2018; 99 (2): 108–114 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2018-99-2-108-114
17. Abualsaud A., Freixa X., Tzikas A., Chan J., Garceau P., Basmadjian A., Ibrahim R. Side-by-side Comparison of LAA occlusion performance with the amplatzer cardiac plug and amplatzer amulet. J . Invasive Cardiol. 2016; 28 (1): 34–38.
18. Lakkireddy D., Thaler D., Ellis C.R., Swarup V., Sondergaard L., Carroll J. et al. Amplatzer amulet left atrial appendage occluder versus watchman device for stroke prophylaxis (Amulet IDE): a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2021; 144 (19): 1543–1552. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057063
19. Batko J., Jakiel R., Krawczyk-Ożóg A., Litwinowicz R., Hołda J., Bartuś S. et al. Definition and anatomical description of the left atrial appendage neck. Clin. Anat. 2024; 37 (2): 201–209. DOI: 10.1002/ca.24125
20. Pevzner D.V., Avetisyan E.A., Merkulova I.A., Shakhmatova O.O., Galaeva L.M., Veselova T.N. et al. The importance of multispiral computed tomography of the heart in endovascular isolation of the left atrium appendage. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2022; 15 (1): 46–51 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/kardio20221501146
21. Streb W., Mitręga K., Podolecki T., Szymała M., Leopold-Jadczyk A., Kukulski T., Kalarus Z. Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion. Cardiol. J. 2019; 26 (6): 687–695. DOI: 10.5603/CJ.a2018.0019
22. Izosomova M.G., Bockeria O.L., Mironenko M.Yu., Serguladze S.Yu., Petrosyan K.V. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography with endovascular closure of the left atrium appendage. The Bulletin of Bakoulev Center. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019; 20
23. Alekhin M.N., Gogin G.E., Ter-Akopyan A.V., Abramov A.S., Likov V.F. Three-dimentional transesophageal echocardiography for assessing the state of atrial auricle before transcutaneous implantation of «Watchman» occluder. Kremlin Medicine. Clinical Bulletin. 2014; (2): 122– 125 (in Russ.).
24. Fiore G., Gaspardone C., Ingallina G., Rizza V., Melillo F., Stella S. et al. Accuracy and reliability of left atrial appendage morphology assessment by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic glass rendering modality: a comparative study with computed tomography. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2023; 36 (10): 1083–1091. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.05.013
25. Zhang K., Zhou J., Zhang T., Zhang Z., Jin S., He Q., Zhang J. Comparison of multiple imaging modalities for measuring orifice diameter and selecting occluder size in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure. Clin. Cardiol. 2022; 45 (8): 864–872. DOI: 10.1002/clc.23869
26. Qamar S.R., Jalal S., Nicolaou S., Tsang M., Gilhofer T., Saw J. Comparison of cardiac computed tomography angiography and transoesophageal echocardiography for device surveillance after left atrial appendage closure. EuroIntervention. 2019; 15 (8): 663–670. DOI: 10.4244/EIJ-D-18-01107
27. Bertsche D., Pfisterer M., Dahme T., Schneider L.M., Metze P., Vernikouskaya I., Rasche V. MRI-based training model for left atrial appendage closure. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 2023; 18 (11): 2111–2116. DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02870-w
28. Al-Kassou B., Tzikas A., Stock F., Neikes F., Völz A., Omran H. A comparison of two-dimensional and real-time 3D transoesophageal echocardiography and angiography for assessing the left atrial appendage anatomy for sizing a left atrial appendage occlusion system: impact of volume loading. EuroIntervention. 2017; 12 (17): 2083–2091. DOI: 10.4244/EIJ-D-15-00543
29. Zhang L., Cong T., Li u A. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage: the value of real time 3D transesophageal echocardiography and the intraoperative change in the size of the left atrial appendage. Echocardiography. 2019; 36 (3): 537–545. DOI: 10.1111/echo.14262
30. Jia D., Zhou Q., Song H.N., Zhang L., Chen J.L., Liu Y. et al. The value of the left atrial appendage orifice perimeter of 3D model based on 3D TEE data in the choice of device size of LAmbre™ occluder. Int. J. Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019; 35 (10): 1841–1851. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01627-4
31. Kong D., Jiang Y., Zhang X., Jin Q., Dong L., Zhou D. et al. Reference value of perimeter-derived diameter assessed by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in left atrial appendage occluder size selection. Echocardiography. 2020; 37 (11): 1828–1837. DOI: 10.1111/echo.14705
32. Spencer R.J., De Jong P., Fahmy P., Lempereur M., Tsang M.Y., Gin K.G. et al. Changes in left atrial appendage dimensions following volume loading during percutaneous left atrial appendage closure. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2015; 8 (15): 1935–1941. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.07.035
33. Alekhin M. N., Ter-Akopyan A.V. The importance of echocardiography in percutaneous implantation of the WATCHMAN occluder into the appendage of the left atrium. Ultrasound And Functional Diagnostics. 2013; (1): 89–104 (in Russ.).
34. Ono S., Maruo T., Kubo S., Kadota K. Validation study of new left atrial appendage closure device measurement by two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. J. Echocardiogr. 2024; 22 (1): 16–24. DOI: 10.1007/s12574-023-00619-7
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About Authors

• Ramazan N. Dzhurtubaev, Postgraduate; ORCID
• Marina Yu. Mironenko, Cand. Med. Sci., Head of Department, Doctor of Ultrasound Diagnostics; ORCID
• Gyulsuna A. Yurkulieva, Cand. Med. Sci., Cardiologist; ORCID
• Sergey A. Donakanyan, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of Department, Cardiovascular Surgeon; ORCID